Kurigram and Rangpur districts on the north, Bogra district on the south, Jamalpur, and Kurigram districts and brahmaputra river on the east, Dinajpur and Rangpur districts on the west.

Gaibandha district was established in 1984. The district consists of 7 upazilas, 3 municipalities, 27 wards, 82 union parishads, 1101 mouzas, 56 mahallas and 1244 villages.

Fulchhari Upazila, Gaibandha Sadar Upazila, Gobindaganj Upazila, Palashbari Upazila, Sadullapur Upazila, Sughatta Upazila, Sundarganj Upazila